การพัฒนาอาหารผสมเสร็จ (TMR) ที่ใช้ทางใบปาล์มน้ำมันเป็นแหล่งอาหารหลัก ร่วมกับการเสริมไขมันไหลผ่านเพื่อการผลิตโคขุนของภาคใต้ตอนบน : กรณีศึกษาโคขุนศรีวิชัย

Abstract

This study was designed to determine the effect of total mixed ration (TMR) using two different fiber or roughage sources, use of oil palm frond compared with napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and the effects of supplementation of by-pass fat in the diet of fattening cattle on growth,carcass yield and economically. Sixteen crossbred beef cattle, over 50% of European breed were used in this experiment by design 2x2 factorial in RCBD. Animal were designed to receive 4 treatments in the experiment, TMR using the oil palm frond (OPF) as a source of fiber (T1), TMR using the OPF as a source of fiber and supplemented with bypass fat at 5% of the diet (T2), TMR using napier grass as a source of fiber (T3) and TMR using napier grass as a source of fiber supplemented with bypass fat 5% of the diet (T4).The experimental diets was fed ad libitum for 235 days. The results shown that the use of OPF in TMR was increased feed intake compare to the use of napier grass in TMR. But the use of napier grass in TMR was show with growth rates better than use OPF in TMR, although the TMR was similar chemical composition. The supplementation of bypass fat produced from crude palm oil and animal fat in the diet was no impact on the feed intake and growth of cattle. The combination of TMR using the OPF or napier grass with the by pass fat did not effected to the percentage of beef carcasses, percentage of different parts of the carcass and the tenderness of the meat. The by pass fat supplementation was effected to the chemical composition of meat, by lower moisture, crude protein and ash. The TMR using the napier grass was effected to the higher moisture content of meat. The color of the meat was improved by the bypass fat supplementation, It was found that the brightness (L *) yellowness (b *) and the red (a *) were increase with the bypass fat supplementation. The most of invest cost of this experiments was cattle breed and follow by animal feed. The highest invest cost of fattening cattle was a group of cattle fed by TMR contain OPF as a source of roughage and supplemented with bypass fat. Although feed cost of TMR contained with OPF was cheaper than napier grass, TMR with OPF was intake higher than the napier grass mixture TMR but affect to lower growth rate of cattle, resulted in higher total cost of production. When compare with in 4 treatments, the cattle fed with only TMR contain napier grass that was most profitable. The experiments can be extended to farmers in the South that southern farmers can plant napier grass and used as an ingredient in TMR, it would be beneficial to farmers. If the farmer can reduce the cost of chopped OPF lower than 1 baht per kilogram, it would be beneficial to farmers who use the OPF in feed ingredients of TMR. Using the OPF or napier grass in TMR were not difference in carcass percentage, the quality of the meat, both chemical composition and tenderness, but affects to the cost of feeding. Transporting live cattle from the south to the the slaughterhouse at Rachaburi province was average 1,632.40 baht per head, which was a part of the cost of fattening cattle production. If fattening cattle can not make the grade higher than grade 1, and the profits from the sale will have no more than 7,966 baht per animal, This a part of southern farmers should apply to the activity ceases cattle fattening. Information from this research, could be used as a part of the farmer's decision to join the fattening cattle activity. Although the profit from the fattening cattle system was not much. However, it was a statc of affairs in exchange for the uncertain market system and the high risk of selling cattle in South arca.