ผลของระยะเวลาการเก็บรักษา ระยะเวลาการให้ความร้อน และน้ำหนักเมล็ดพันธุ์ต่อความงอกของเมล็ดพันธุ์และการเจริญเติบโตของต้นกล้าปาล์มน้ำมันพันธุ์ทรัพย์ ม.อ. 1

Abstract

The study investigated the effect of storage time and heating duration on seed germination and seedling growth of oil palm SUP PSU 1 in the pre-nursery stage. It used a 3 x 3 Factorial design CRD consisting of 2 factors, which were storage period for 5, 15 and 20 months at 20 °C, and heating treatment 0, 30 and 45 days at 40 °C. Seed germination decreased as storage period increased. The heating period of 30 and 45 days effectively enhanced germination of seeds stored for 5 and 15 months. Seeds stored for 5, 15 and 20 months and heated for 30 and 45 days had germination ranging from 69.00-74.00, 43.00-50.00 and 2.00-2.50%, respectively. These germination percentages were higher than those of the seeds that were not heated. Seeds stored for 5 and 15 months and heated for 0, 30 and 45 days gave the same statistical level of seedling growth in terms of stem girth, stem diameter, number of leaf, leaf width, leaf length, seedling fresh weight and seedling dry weight at 4 months after transplanting. Only seedling height and leaf length were statistically significantly different. The effect of different oil palm SUP PSU 1 seed weight on seed germination and seedling growth at 1-4 months after transplanting was also investigated. The experiment used a completely randomized design comprising 3 seed sizes: small seeds (1.66-4.85 g per seed), medium seeds (4.86-8.05 g per seed) and large seeds (8.06-14.26 g per seed) with an average weight of 3.78, 6.00 and 9.74 g per seed, respectively, Seed germination (61.50-63.00%) and mean germination time (15.35-15.96 days) were similar among seed sizes. The large seeds gave the highest seedling growth in terms of stem diameter, leaf width, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight and seedling quality index at 4 months after transplanting than those of medium seeds and small seeds. However, the medium seeds and small seeds also have the potential for oil palm seedling production with appropriate fertilizer management.