PSU Knowledge Bank Collection:http://kb.psu.ac.th:80/psukb/handle/2553/35572024-02-28T05:11:31Z2024-02-28T05:11:31Zโพรเซสเซอร์ร่วมกำลังไฟต่ำสามารถปรับเปลี่ยนโครงสร้างได้แบบไดนามิกวรรณรัช สันติอมรทัตสินชัย กมลภิวงศ์http://kb.psu.ac.th:80/psukb/handle/2016/177872023-01-13T02:50:37Z2554-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: โพรเซสเซอร์ร่วมกำลังไฟต่ำสามารถปรับเปลี่ยนโครงสร้างได้แบบไดนามิก
Authors: วรรณรัช สันติอมรทัต; สินชัย กมลภิวงศ์
Abstract: ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) processor dissipates a low power consumption and is able to perform at a high speed. Unfortunately, ASIC production costs every high expense. Therefore, it is not suitable for a prototype or a small volume product. A programmable device becomes a good choice. Reconfigurable hardware will give a better performance and flexibility. This research work proposes Dynamically Reconfigurable Datapath (DRD) which is to reconfigure a part of FPGA while the processor of FPGA is still working. This reconfigurable datapath can increase resource utilization and sharing when image or video processing applications are applied. Thus it also increases the energy efficiency. This dynamically reconfigurable co-processor employs clock-gating technique. We also introduce the concept of computer aided software for dynamic reconfigurable design which is able to reduce an overhead of place and route algorithm. This dynamie reconfigurable co-processor can be programmed and used up to four parallel functional units (FUs). The design was implemented on FPGA XC3SD1800. The simulation result shows that the co-processor can run at 59 MHz and dissipated 34.64 mW which can complete FIR 20-tap within 0.339 us. The preliminary result of task placement suggests that both first fit and best fit algorithms give the similar speed and the number of task that cannot be placed. Therefore, we choose first fit algorithm in our EDA tool because of the lower list of the empty space.2554-01-01T00:00:00Zการผลิตเอทิลเอสเตอร์เชิงอุตสาหกรรมจากน้ำมันปาล์มดิบชาคริต ทองอุไรพิมพรรณ เกียรติซิมกุลรวมพร นิคมทรงธรรม โพธิ์ถาวรhttp://kb.psu.ac.th:80/psukb/handle/2016/175742023-01-13T02:17:09Z2555-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: การผลิตเอทิลเอสเตอร์เชิงอุตสาหกรรมจากน้ำมันปาล์มดิบ
Authors: ชาคริต ทองอุไร; พิมพรรณ เกียรติซิมกุล; รวมพร นิคม; ทรงธรรม โพธิ์ถาวร
Abstract: This research aimed to study the optimum conditions of commercial ethyl ester production from crude palm oil (CPO) in a pilot scale plant of 500 litre biodiesel/day capacity which including esterification, transesterification, ethanol recovery and resin co-washing processes, all of the units were carried out continuously. in this study. CPO containing free fatty acid (FFA) of 4.43-8.32wt% and commercial grade of ethanol (99.9%V purity) were used as reactants, sulfuric acid (98wt%) and potassium methoxide (32 wt% in methanol) were used as esterified and transesterified catalysts, respectively. Continuous stirred tank reactor for esterification step was 87.4 litres in volume and continuous deglycerolization reactor of 16 litres was used in transesterification step. High pressure at 30 bars and temperature of 220 ํC were carried out with a flash tank of 250 litres. Washing equipment contain 2 tanks of resin adsorption. 1 tank of water washing and 1 tank of salt filter tank, all of thern were 55 litres in volume. It was found that the estentication step with sulfuric acid catalyst could decrease phosphorous content from 11. 24-21.70 mg/kg of crude paim oil to 1.01 -1.46 mg/kg of esteritied palm oil, certainly met the Thai Nation Standard of Methy! Ester which is below 10.0 mg/kg biodiese!. Optimnized continuous esterication step was carried out at 1 hour of retention time, 60 ํC, molar ratio of ethanol to FFA at 30: 1 and suifuric catalyst of 60 wt% of FFA resulted in 0.81 wt% FFA of esterified paim oil. It could be seen that the cause of no phase separation of glycerol in ethyl ester came from the micells formation in the existing of high soap content. This obstacle was solved by lowering water content in the system, potassium methoxide was used as a catalyst and glycerol phase was continuous separated out by using the continuous deglycerolization reactor. The best condition of our trial was at 25 minute of retention time, 66 ํc, molar ratio of ethanol to triglycerige at 5.7: 1 and molar ratio of methoxide to triglyceride of 0.2: 1 resulted in higher than 98% of ethyl ester content in the produced biodiesel. However, the obtained acid value of biodiesel was about 0.6 mg KOH/g higher than the standard value of 0.5 mg KOH/g which came from the fast reaction rate of hydrolysis reaction of water and ester in matrix of ethanol. The soap content in ester phase was very high of nearly 30,000 ppm resulted in a difficulty of washing step and higher loss of biodiesel yield. Also a lower yield of production (90%) which gave a higher production cost, anyhow these problems should be solved in the further studied. According economical study of the ethyl ester production, cost of CPO and ethanol were 26 and 20 baht/kg, respectively. It yielded 34 baht/litre of ethyl ester.2555-01-01T00:00:00Zการตรวจสอบการล้มในผู้สูงอายุโดยตรวจสอบรูปแบบการเปลี่ยนแปลงของจุดศูนย์กลางมวลธเนศ เคารพาพงศ์มิตรชัย จงเชี่ยวชำนาญวิภาวรรณ ลีลาสำราญภาวินทร์ จาวยญhttp://kb.psu.ac.th:80/psukb/handle/2016/173842022-01-21T08:26:52Z2554-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: การตรวจสอบการล้มในผู้สูงอายุโดยตรวจสอบรูปแบบการเปลี่ยนแปลงของจุดศูนย์กลางมวล
Authors: ธเนศ เคารพาพงศ์; มิตรชัย จงเชี่ยวชำนาญ; วิภาวรรณ ลีลาสำราญ; ภาวินทร์ จาวยญ
Abstract: This research presents the development of in-shoes multisensory for detected the abnormal gait in elderly people. As the cause that led to fall in the elderly. Numerous sensor types was installed in the shoes, such as the acceleration sensor, gyroscope, pressure sensors, bending sensor, which different features and performances in each type. Due to the complex of human walking, studies or measurements with a single sensor may not be enough. So, in this study took data from multi-sensory to study and analyze human gait, by divided into two phases, 1st when the foot touch the ground and 2nd when the foot do not touch the ground. Pressure sensors and bending sensor was applied to measurement, when the foot touches the ground. Data from pressure sensor are estimated Zero Moment Point (ZMP), ZMP are similarly every gait cycle of normal walking. The signal from bending sensor has small varying when human walk we cannot use to compare between normal and normal gait. During the foot not touching the ground, acceleration sensor was applied to study and classification, normal and abnormal gait. A three-axis accelerometer is installed at each foot to collect all three-axis data in Cartesian coordinate. Polynomial surface fitting technique is applied to the measured trajectory and classify. These data are subsequently transformed to spherical coordinate to form a 3-D gait trajectory. After studying the relationship of the signal from those sensors. In this research, artificial neural networks were used to study and classify normal and abnormal gait form pressure sensors signal, which is accurate about 90%. The 10 volunteers age between 18-25 year, high 150-175 cm. weight 40 - 75 kg that came for experiment. In the experimental of three-axis accelerometer and gyroscope data, around 74 gait cycles are tested and compare with simulation data, which is accurate about 85% of preliminary.2554-01-01T00:00:00Zการจำแนกชั้นเนื้อของมะพร้าวน้ำหอมอ่อนธเนศ เคารพาพงศ์ศุภชัย มะเดื่อhttp://kb.psu.ac.th:80/psukb/handle/2016/173762022-01-21T07:26:08Z2553-01-01T00:00:00ZTitle: การจำแนกชั้นเนื้อของมะพร้าวน้ำหอมอ่อน
Authors: ธเนศ เคารพาพงศ์; ศุภชัย มะเดื่อ
Abstract: This research proposes a method for young aromatic coconut classification from an image of the bottom part of the coconut using image processing techniques. Coconuts are classified into 3 categories: single layer, one-and-a-half layer and double layer. Preliminary
experiments were conducted to search for significant color components in 3 color standards:
RGB, HSV and CIELAB. Percentage of the color area inside interest region was used as a
classification threshold. Experimented results showed that the plane in HSV color standard and the A plane in CIELAB color standard were significant. Their intensities are correlated with coconuts age. In classification phase, the minimum distance interested regions for classification are defined. Circular rings around the center of the coconuts for each ring the percentage of white pixels with are computed. Then the relation between the ring order and the percentage of the white pixels of each ring and plotted. The graph is approximated by a second-order polynomial function. Each coconut category has its own polynomial function. In classification mode, the graph of the unknown sample is compared against these 3 polynomial functions. The function that
yield the minimum distance is the answer. From experiments, the image in S plane of the HSV color space yields the highest accuracy, that is 88.89% for single layer coconuts. 86.67% for one
and-a-half layer coconuts and 85.95% for double layer coconuts. This yields the overall accuracy
of 86.95%2553-01-01T00:00:00Z